Cognition is defined as; the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. As we age our cognitive ability declines naturally,
Introduction The somatosensory system comprises of ‘senses’ known as sensory modalities, these include; tactition (touch), temperature, proprioception (body position awareness) and nociception (pain). It is possible there are
Introduction Located in the inner ear are several small organs responsible for balance. These organs belong to the vestibular system and give humans and many other mammals a
Introduction Cranial nerves arise from the brain directly (unlike spinal nerves which arise from the spinal cord). There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, varying in length –
Introduction When an axon ends, the action potential which it carries can no longer be transmitted by the same medium. Axons end in a structure known as a
Introduction This is part of the ‘Special Senses’ Series: Vision Hearing Smell Taste The tongue is the organ of taste. Perception of taste is also known as gustation
Introduction This is part of the ‘Special Senses’ Series: Vision Hearing Smell Taste The sensation of smell is also referred to as olfaction. The sensory cells of olfaction
Introduction This is part of the ‘Special Senses’ Series: Vision Hearing Smell Taste The ear is the organ of hearing (and balance). Specially adapted receptor cells located in
Introduction This is part of the ‘Special Senses’ Series: Vision Hearing Smell Taste The eye is the organ of vision. The main cells responsible for beginning the process
Introduction The key point of regulating food intake is to maintain a constant body weight. Food intake (energy input) must therefore balance against factors resulting in a loss
Neuronal Structure Function of Main Neuronal Components: Soma – The bulbous end of a neuron, containing the cell nucleus. Sometimes referred to as the cell body, it is
Meninges The meninges are a group of three membrane layers which wrap around the brain and central nervous system. The meninges consist of three layers (meninx), these include:
Introduction Compared to other tissues, the brain is extremely dependent on a stable and efficient blood supply. Despite making up only 2% of total body mass, the brain
